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The technocracy movement is a social movement which arose in the early 20th century. Technocracy was popular in the United States and Canada for a brief period in the early 1930s, before it was overshadowed by other proposals for dealing with the crisis of the Great Depression.〔〔Edwin T. Layton. (Book review: The Technocrats, Prophets of Automation ), ''Technology and Culture'', Vol. 9, No. 2 (April, 1968), pp. 256-257.〕 The technocrats proposed replacing politicians and businesspeople with scientists and engineers who had the technical expertise to manage the economy.〔Peter J. Taylor. (Technocratic Optimism, H.T. Odum, and the Partial Transformation of Ecological Metaphor after World War II ) ''Journal of the History of Biology'', Vol. 21, No. 2, June 1988, p. 213.〕 The movement was committed to abstaining from all revolutionary and political activities. The movement gained strength in 1930s but in 1940, due to an alleged initial opposition to the Second World War, was banned in Canada. The ban was lifted in 1943 when it was apparent that 'Technocracy Inc. was committed to the war effort, proposing a program of total conscription.'〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Technocracy Fonds Finding Aid )〕 The movement continued to expand during the remainder of the war and new sections were formed in Ontario and the Maritime Provinces.〔Encyclopedia Canadiana, 1968 edition, pp. 29〕 In the post-war years, perhaps due to continued prosperity, membership and interest in Technocracy decreased. Though now relatively insignificant the Technocracy movement alone among the collection of radical movements of the 1930s survives into the present day,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Social Security )〕 publishing a newsletter, maintaining a website, and holding member meetings.〔http://trendevents.herokuapp.com/TrendEvents_2013_11.pdf〕 ==Overview== Technocracy advocates contend that price system-based forms of government and economy are structurally incapable of effective action, and promoted a society headed by technical experts, which they argued would be more rational and productive.〔Beverly H. Burris (1993). (Technocracy at work ) State University of New York Press, p. 28.〕 The coming of the Great Depression ushered in radically different ideas of social engineering,〔William E. Aikin (1977). ''Technocracy and the American Dream: The Technocracy Movement 1900-1941'', University of California Press, pp. ix-xiii and p. 110.〕 culminating in reforms introduced by the New Deal.〔〔 By late 1932, various groups across the United States were calling themselves "technocrats" and proposing reforms.〔Beverly H. Burris (1993). (Technocracy at work ) State University of New York Press, p. 30.〕 By the mid-1930s, interest in the technocracy movement was declining. Some historians have attributed the decline of the technocracy movement to the rise of Roosevelt's New Deal.〔Beverly H. Burris (1993). (Technocracy at work ) State University of New York Press, p. 32.〕〔Frank Fischer (1990). ''Technocracy and the Politics of Expertise'', Sage Publications, p. 86.〕 Historian William E. Akin rejects the conclusion that Technocracy ideas declined because of the attractiveness of Roosevelt and the New Deal. Instead Akin argues that the movement declined in the mid-1930s as a result of the technocrats' failure to devise a 'viable political theory for achieving change' (p.111 ''Technocracy and the American Dream: The Technocrat Movement, 1900–1941'' by William E. Akin). Akin postulates that many technocrats remained vocal and dissatisfied and often sympathetic to anti-New Deal third party efforts.〔http://stevereads.com/papers_to_read/review_technocratic_abundance.pdf〕 Many books have discussed the rise and decline of the technocracy movement.〔Daniel Nelson. (Technocratic abundance ) ''Reviews in American History'', Vol. 6, No. 1, March 1978, p. 104.〕 One of these is ''Technocracy and the American Dream: The Technocrat Movement, 1900-1941'' by William E. Akin.〔(Book review: Technocracy and the American Dream ), ''History of Political Economy'', Vol. 10, No. 4, 1978, p. 682.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Technocracy movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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